Исследования структурных и фильтрационных свойств глинистых грунтов, используемых при возведении земляного полотна железных дорог

Abstract

The structure of clay soils used in the construction of railway subgrade are analyzed. Three levels of structure are allocated - submiсrolevel, microlevel, mesolevel. These levels differ in the size of the particles which they consist. An electric double layer has formed at the interface between the particles and the water. This layer has a negative surface charge that is determined ions OH- and equal to them one- (K+ , Na+ ) or divalent (Ca2+ or Mg2+) cations. Filtering water through a swollen clay will result in a shift of the electrical double layer of each particle, as well as the emergence of streaming potential. It was established experimentally that the magnitude of streaming potential on the railway embankment slope may reach some of a volt. Revealing the actual mechanism of water filtration will predict the behavior of embankment for long term use and to develop measures to prevent strains and injuries.