Розвиток теоретичних основ організації і управління змішаними перевезеннями масових вантажів за участю флоту

Abstract

UA: Дисертацію присвячено підвищенню ефективності систем доставки масових вантажів при змішаних перевезеннях шляхом розробки теоретико- методологічних положень, комплексу моделей та методів, які формують наукові підходи до організації і управління роботою флоту нерегулярного судноплавства. Розвинуто наукові основи формування систем доставки вантажів за участі морського флоту за рахунок урахування у запропонованому комплексі моделей і методів технологічних параметрів та комерційних умов послуг з транспортування вантажів. Розроблено методи забезпечення ефективності технологічного процесу роботи судна у рамках систем доставки, які дозволяють контролювати та регулювати покладений за необхідний рівень ефективності рейса за визначених умов та вимог щодо виконання рейса судном як складової частини загального переміщення вантажу системою доставки. Формалізовано процес взаємодії суб'єктів ринка транспортних послуг та розроблено модель прийняття ними рішень щодо залучення певного судна до транспортного обслуговування вантажопотоків з урахуванням балансу їх комерційних інтересів та вимог систем доставки.

EN: The dissertation is devoted to improving the efficiency of bulk cargo delivery systems for mixed mode transportations by developing theoretical and methodological provisions, a set of models and methods that form the scientific approach to organizing and operating of the fleet of irregular shipping fleet. It is based on the participation of maritime transport in delivery systems, based on the requirements and terms that the delivery system imposes on the parameters of the technological processes of the work of sea vessels in the transportation of goods and at the same time ensures the efficiency of their work. The delivery system is formalized using the theory of sets as a situational set of subjects of the transport services market and elements of transport systems of various types of transport, whose production processes ensure the functioning of the delivery system to ensure the movement of goods. The main parameters of the delivery system are determined by the terms of the foreign trade contract. Mathematical models of decision making on the formation of a delivery system at the object and at the subjective levels have been developed. They consider the technological and commercial terms imposed by the terms of the foreign trade contract for the processes associated with the delivery of goods, and are based on the technological and commercial termss for the provision of relevant services by the subjects of the transport services market. The delivery process is presented as a set of interconnected processes implemented by elements of transport systems and subjects of transport services markets; the place of the vessel's voyage in the hierarchy of processes associated with the movement of goods has been established. The technological processes of the work of vessels are investigated in inseparable unity with the technological processes of other constituent elements of the transport complex and the subjects of the market for transport services, united by the goals and terms of this system. The process of cargo transportation by sea transport is formalized in the form of a set of interrelated processes of cargo movement and initiation, accompany and information support of such movement. The classification of cargo delivery systems from the point of view of the participation of sea transport in the transport service of cargo flows is presented. A complex of models has been developed for organizing and operating of the irregular shipping fleet in bulk cargo delivery systems in the long term and at the operational level, considering the degree of reliability of the initial information about the delivery system parameters. The presented models allow solving the problems of fleet resource management at different time horizons for considering the corresponding tasks. The scientific fundamentals for managing the parameters of the vessel's voyage time have been developed, considering the commercial terms of the voyage, given in the charter aparty in indefinite wordings. Their influence on the structure of the vessel's voyage time has been established. For a quantitative assessment of the time parameters of the voyage, methods for controlling the voyage time in port and time in route are proposed, considerinbg the commercial and technological terms of its implementation, based on probabilistic estimates of the time of arrival of the vessel at the ports and establishing the required speed mode for voyage ballast and cargo legs between ports. Methods for ensuring the required level of efficiency of the vessel's work within a certain delivery system are proposed. They are based on the vessel's details and take into account the degree of loading of the vessel during the voyage. At the same time, possible changes in the commercial terms for the operation of vessels within the delivery system are taken into account as factors affecting its efficiency, and methods are proposed that allow to control and regulate the efficiency of the vessel by a sea carrier, but according to the parameters and requirements of the delivery system. The interaction of the shipowner and the cargo owner-charterer as subjects of the transport services market is formalized in accordance with the stages of their decision-making to involve the vessel in the transport service of cargo flows. The causal relationships of the process of concluding a chartering deal were formalized, the influence of the commercial terms of the delivery system on the likelihood of concluding a deal was established, a model of the likelihood of its conclusion was developed, taking into account the balance of commercial interests of the parties and the requirements of the delivery systems for transport services of cargo flows on the part of their sea transportation.